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Lewis and Clark Expedition Meet the Arikara (wordage from Historical marker)

Oct. 8 1804 – Capt. Clark prepared camp as Capt. Lewis and interpreter Joseph 
gravelines, a trader residing among Arikara tribes, visited the first and lower of 3 Arikara villages located on an island 18 Mi. S.W. of this location. It was the expedition’s first contact with the Arikara Indians. The next day was cold and windy as the 3 Arikara village chiefs entered Lewis & Clark’s camp to make arrangements for a formal council.
Oct. 10, 1804 – At approximately 1 o’clock Chief Kahawissassa, Chief Pocasse, and Chief Piaheto assembled under an awning near the Expedition’s boat. Lewis & Clark delivered a speech and gave them clothes and flags. After formal council, an air gun was fired, astonishing the Chiefs. Hands were shaken in a friendly manner, and the Chiefs returned to their villages.
Oct. 13, 1804 – The expedition halted west of this location for 2 hours to administer the court martial of Pvt. John Newman for “mutinous expressions.”  He was sentenced 75 lashes and disbanded from the party. The party then proceeded on andmade camp for the last time in South Dakota between the former townsites of LaGrace and Vanderbilt.
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